Predictores del riesgo de fractura en una población de mujeres postmenopáusicas mediante el procedimiento estadístico binario CART / Fracture risk predictors of a postmenopausal female population by binary statistical procedure

Objetivo: La principal consecuencia de la osteoporosis es la fractura por fragilidad asociada a elevada morbimortalidad. La predicción de la misma puede ayudar a identificar la población de mayor riesgo y establecer medidas de prevención. El objetivo de este estudio fue valorar la utilidad de diversos factores en su prevención comparando la densidad mineral ósea (DMO), el cálculo del riesgo absoluto de fractura con la herramienta FRAX® con y sin DMO, y los datos clínicos. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio longitudinal de 8 años de duración en una población de mujeres postmenopáusicas, osteoporóticas y no osteoporóticas. A todas ellas se les realizó una historia clínica protocolizada, DMO de columna y cadera, y el FRAX con y sin DMO. A los 8 años se identificaron las fracturas existentes. Además de realizar una estadística paramétrica y no paramétrica con SPSS 21.1, se realizó un método del árbol de clasificación y regresión (CART) para evaluar las posibles interacciones entre los factores de riesgo de fractura. Resultados: Se incluyeron 276 pacientes postmenopáusicas cuya edad media al inicio del estudio fue de 61,08±8,43 años y un índice de masa corporal (IMC) de 25,67±4,04. El 56,5% de las pacientes (n=156) fueron diagnosticadas de osteoporosis antes del inicio de nuestro estudio, y todas ellas fueron tratadas. Pasados los 8 años de seguimiento, 72 pacientes (24,6%) sufrieron fractura y 17 (6,2%) también sufrieron una segunda fractura. Los resultados del análisis CART nos mostraron que el principal factor de riesgo para sufrir una fractura osteoporótica tras 8 años de seguimiento fue el haber sufrido fracturas previas. Entre las pacientes que habían sufrido una fractura previa, el tener una DMO del cuello femoral menor de 0,67 fue el principal factor de riesgo. (AU)

Objetivo: The main consequences of osteoporosis are fragility fractures, associated with high morbimortality. The prediction of these fractures can help identify the most-at-risk population and implement preventive measures. The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of multiple factors in their prevention, comparing the bone mineral density (BMD), the calculation of absolute risk of fracture using the tool FRAX® in the presence and absence of BMD, and the clinical data. Material and methods: An eight-year-duration longitudinal study was conducted on a postmenopausal female population, with and without osteoporosis. All of them were taken a standardised clinical history, spinal and hip BMD, and FRAX with and without BMD. Eight years later we identified the existent fractures. In addition to a parametric and non-parametric statistic in SPSS 21.1, we used the classification and regression tree (CART) method to assess possible interactions among fracture risk factors. Results: We studied 276 postmenopausal patients whose average age at the beginning of the study was 61.08±8.43 years-old and had a body mass index (BMI) of 25.67±4.04. 56.5% of the patients (n=156) were diagnosed with osteoporosis before the beginning of our study, and all of them were treated. After eight years of follow-up, 72 patients (24.6%) suffered a fracture and 17 patients (6.2%) also suffered a second one. The results of the CART analysis showed that the main risk factor to suffer an osteoporotic fracture after 8 years of following up is having preceding fractures. Having a femoral neck BMD lower than 0.67 was the main risk factor among those with a previous fracture. Conclusions: The use of a binary statistical procedure (CART) on a cohort of patients allow us identify those most at risk of fractures, according to clinical parameters and simple additional tests, in order to establish more effective therapeutic measures. (AU)

Migraña y neurocisticercosis, ¿causalidad o casualidad? / Migraine and neurocysticercosis: causality or casualty?

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Relapsing bullous amyloidosis of the oral mucosa and acquired cutis laxa in a patient with multiple myeloma: a rare triple association.

It is well known that primary systemic amyloidosis [light chain (AL) amyloidosis] is associated with hidden dyscrasia or multiple myeloma. Acquired cutis laxa (cutis laxa acquisita; CLA) has also been described in patients with plasma cell dyscrasias, including multiple myeloma. We report a case in which haemorrhagic oral bullae were the first sign of an undiagnosed primary systemic amyloidosis related to multiple myeloma IgG-λ and previously diagnosed CLA. There is only one report in literature of this rare triple association; however, in that case the patient did not have oral mucosal involvement or bullous amyloidosis.

Osteoartropatía hipertrófica en adenocarcinoma de pulmón / Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in lung adenocarcinoma

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Infestación cutánea diseminada por larva migrans / Disseminated cutaneous larva migrans infestation

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Burnout en médicos residentes de dos áreas de salud de una misma ciudad / Burnout in medical residents in two health districts of the same city

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[Epileptic seizures complicated by Takotsubo syndrome]. / Crisis epileptica complicada con un sindrome de takotsubo.

INTRODUCTION: Takotsubo syndrome is a disorder characterised by a reversible ventricular dysfunction, angina-like precordial pain and electromyographic changes with no evidence of coronary obstruction in examinations performed by coronary catheterisation. It is triggered by stress and is frequent following bouts of epileptic seizures. We report the case of a patient who began with this cardiomyopathy following epileptic seizures suffered after one of her haemodialysis sessions. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 55-year-old female on haemodialysis due to chronic renal failure, with epilepsy secondary to a residual lesion in the right frontoparietal area due to a haematoma that required surgical evacuation. After her haemodialysis session she suffered an attack of focal epilepsy with secondary generalisation and, some hours later, pain in the middle of her chest. Serial enzymes revealed increased levels of troponin I and, electrocardiographically, negative T waves were observed in precordial derivations (V2-V6). Coronary catheterisation was performed, with normal results, and alterations were noted in contractility, which were confirmed as being transient in a serial echocardiography study. All the previous data lead us to a suspected diagnosis of Takotsubo syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac complications are one of the causes of morbidity and mortality in epilepsy, and Takotsubo syndrome is an example of them. The real incidence of this syndrome is unknown, but given its involvement in mortality caused by heart problems in epilepsy it is important to suspect it in the presence of cardiac dysfunction following epileptic seizures.

TITLE: Crisis epileptica complicada con un sindrome de takotsubo.Introduccion. El sindrome de takotsubo es un trastorno caracterizado por disfuncion ventricular reversible, dolor precordial de tipo anginoso y cambios electrocardiograficos sin evidencia de obstruccion coronaria en coronariografia. Se desencadena por estres, y es frecuente tras crisis epilepticas. Presentamos el caso de una paciente que inicia esta miocardiopatia tras una crisis epileptica al finalizar su sesion de hemodialisis. Caso clinico. Mujer de 55 años en hemodialisis por insuficiencia renal cronica, con epilepsia secundaria a lesion residual frontoparietal derecha por un hematoma que preciso evacuacion quirurgica. Tras una sesion de hemodialisis experimenta una crisis epileptica focal con generalizacion secundaria y, horas despues de esta, dolor centrotoracico. En seriacion enzimatica se objetiva elevacion de troponina I y, electrocardiograficamente, ondas T negativas en derivaciones precordiales (V2-V6). Se realiza coronariografia, cuyo resultado es normal, y se demuestran alteraciones de la contractilidad, confirmadas como de caracter transitorio en un estudio ecocardiografico seriado. Todos los datos anteriores hacen sospechar el diagnostico de sindrome de takotsubo. Conclusion. Las complicaciones cardiacas son una de las causas de morbimortalidad en la epilepsia, y entre ellas se encuentra el sindrome de takotsubo. La incidencia real de dicho sindrome se desconoce, pero dada su implicacion en la mortalidad de causa cardiaca en la epilepsia es importante sospecharlo ante la presencia de disfuncion cardiaca tras una crisis epileptica.